Single-molecule redox blinking of perylene diimide derivatives in water

Single-molecule spectroscopy is used for studying water-soluble perylene dicarboximide fluorophores (PDI), which are immobilized in aqueous buffer by attaching the fluorophore to DNA. The studies have evaluated how the fluorescence control of PDIs is used for superresolution 'Blink-Microscopy' in aqueous or organic media and for single-molecule spectroscopy.