Multiyear study of multivariate linear and nonlinear phenotype selection on floral traits of hummingbird-pollinated Silene virginica

Individual variation in six floral traits and yearly and lifetime total plant seed and fruit production of 758 plants across nine years were measured to study natural populations of ruby-throated hummingbird-pollinated Silene virginica and understand their phenotypic selection on floral traits. The analyses results demonstrated that selection favored trait combinations and integration of floral features of attraction and pollen transfer efficiency that were consistent with the hummingbird pollination syndrome.