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Identifying commercially relevant Echinacea species by AFLP molecular markers

Authors :
Russi, Luigi
Moretti, Chiaraluce
Raggi, Lorenzo
Albertini, Emidio
Falistocco, Egizia
Source :
Genome. November, 2009, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p912, 7 p.
Publication Year :
2009

Abstract

The rising interest in medicinal plants has brought several species of the genus Echinacea to the attention of many scientists. Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. purpurea are the most important for their immunological properties, well known and widely used by the native Americans. The three species are easily distinguishable on the basis of their morphological characteristics, but it would be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish them in commercial preparations of ground, dry plant parts of E. purpurea (the most valuable species for chemotherapeutic properties) mixed with the other two species. Species-specific molecular markers could be useful to address this issue. In the present work, using fresh material collected from cultivated Echinacea spp., AFLP analysis was used to discriminate the three species and to detect species-specific DNA fragments. By using 14 primer combinations it was possible to detect a total of 994 fragments, of which 565 were polymorphic. Overall, 89 fragments were unique to E. purpurea, 32 to E. angustifolia, and 26 to E. pallida. E+CAC/M+AAT or E+CAC/M+AGC alone provided 13, 9, and 4 or 7, 5, and 5 specific fragments for E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, respectively. A validation trial to confirm the results was carried out on bulked samples of 23 accessions covering most of the genetic diversity of the three species. The results are discussed in terms of practical applications in the field of popular medicine, detecting frauds, and implications for the genus Echinacea. Key words: Echinacea pallida, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, AFLP, species identification, commercial frauds. L'interet croissant pour les plantes medicinales a attire l'attention de plusieurs chercheurs sur le genre Echinacea. Les especes E. angustifolia, E. pallida et E. purpurea sont les plus importantes pour leurs proprietes immunologiques, bien connues et largement utilisees par les amerindiens. Les trois especes sont faciles a distinguer sur la base de leurs caracteristiques morphologiques, mais il serait difficile, voire impossible, de les distinguer au sein de preparations commerciales composees de parties seches broyees de FE. purpurea (la plus prisee des especes pour ses proprietes chimiotherapeutiques), melees avec celles provenant des deux autres especes. Des marqueurs moleculaires permettant de distinguer les especes seraient utiles dans ce cas. Dans le present travail, a partir de materiel frais d'echinacees cultivees, des marqueurs AFLP ont ete employes pour differencier les trois especes et pour detecter des amplicons specifiques des chacune. A l'aide de 14 combinaisons d'amorces, 994 amplicons ont ete detectes au total, dont 565 etaient polymorphes. Globalement, 89 amplicons etaient uniques a FE. purpurea, 32 a PE. angustifolia et 26 a FE. pallida. Les combinaisons E+CAC/M+AAT et E+CAC/M+AGC ont permis, a elles seules, de fournir respectivement 13, 9 et 4 ou 7, 5 et 5 marqueurs specifiques des especes E. purpurea, E. angustifolia et E. pallida. Un travail de validation pour confirmer ces resultats a ete mene sur des echantillons melanges de 23 accessions couvrant l'essentiel de la diversite genetique au sein de ces trois especes. Les resultats sont discutes en fonction des applications pratiques dans le domaine des medecines douces, de la detection des fraudes et des implications pour le genre Echinacea. Mots-cles : Echinacea pallida, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, AFLP, identification des especes, fraudes commerciales.<br />[Traduit par la Redaction] Introduction The genus Echinacea Moench (Compositae) is native to the prairies of North America, from which it spreads from southern Canada to Texas and Georgia, but [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
08312796
Volume :
52
Issue :
11
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Genome
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.213406741
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1139/G09-066