Least-squares minimising finite-element formulation for static and stationary electric and magnetic fields

The present paper describes a finite-element formulation for static and stationary electric and magnetic fields in terms of the electric and of the magnetic field strength. The formulation is based on a simultaneous minimisation in the least-squares sense of the error in modelling the curl and the divergence equations. For consistently modelling the field equations and the interface and boundary conditions, use is made of generalised Cartesian expansion functions. Index terms - finite-element formulation, static and stationary fields, least-squares minimisation.