Physical Activity and Executive Function in Aging: The MOBILIZE Boston Study

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02441.x Byline: Laura H. P. Eggermont (*[dagger]), William P. Milberg ([double dagger]s.), Lewis A. Lipsitz ([parallel]#**), Erik J. A. Scherder (*), Suzanne G. Leveille ([parallel][dagger][dagger]) Keywords: aging; physical activity; cognition; cardiovascular disease; pain Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between physical activity and cognition, specifically executive function, and the possible mediating role of factors such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors, chronic pain, and depressive symptoms. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Population-based study of individuals aged 70 and older in the Boston area. PARTICIPANTS: Older community-dwelling adults (n=544; mean age 78, 62% female). MEASUREMENTS: Presence of heart disease (self-reported physician diagnosed), pain, and depressive symptomatology were assessed using interviewer-administered questions. Blood pressure was measured. Engagement in physical activity was determined using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Cognitive function was measured using a battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: The older adults who engaged in more physical activity had significantly better performance on all cognitive tests, except for Letter Fluency and the memory test of delayed recall, after adjusting for age, sex, education, and total number of medications. With further adjustment for CVD and CVD risk factors (heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and hypertension), pain, and depressive symptoms, PASE score remained significantly associated with executive function tests. CONCLUSION: Even after multivariate adjustment, neuropsychological tests that were executive in nature were positively associated with physical activity participation in this cohort of older community-dwelling adults. In contrast, delayed recall of episodic memory was not associated with physical activity, supporting the idea that the relationship with executive function represents a specific biologically determined relationship. Author Affiliation: (*)Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ([dagger])Alzheimer's Disease Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts ([double dagger])Geriatric Neuropsychology Laboratory, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Brockton/West Roxbury Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of (s.)Psychiatry and ([parallel])Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (#)Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts; and Divisions of (**)Gerontology and ([dagger][dagger])General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Article note: Address correspondence to Laura H. P. Eggermont, VU University, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. E-mail: lhp.eggermont@psy.vu.nl