The effects of PN sequence on the misconvergence of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA)

A study was conducted on the causes of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) misconvergence. The findings indicate that CMA misconvergence can occur when the received two-dimensional signal is derived from encoding a binary PN sequence. Moreover, careful selection of the underlying binary PN sequence can control the distortion of the probabilistic symmetry of the transmitted constellation, which influences CMA convergence.