Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men: prevalence and risk factors

HIV-positive homosexual men may be at higher risk than HIV-negative men of developing cellular changes in the anus that could lead to anal cancer. Researchers examined 346 HIV-positive and 262 HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men for evidence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL). ASIL was detected in 36% of men with HIV and 7% of men without HIV infection. Anal infection with human papillomavirus and a history of receptive anal intercourse increased the risk of ASIL, regardless of HIV status. Screening of homosexual men for ASIL may prevent anal cancer.