Quantum boundary effect on the work output of a micro-/nanoscaled Carnot cycle

The quantum boundary effect of gas particles is considered as a working substance of cycle in order to calculate the work output (W) and efficiency ([eta]) of a Carnot cycle in micro-/nanoscale. The studies have shown that under the quantum boundary effect conditions, the work output cycle has depended sensitively on the surface area of the system and is not predicted by the classical approximate result, while the efficiency of cycle is independent of the surface area of the system and equals the Carnot efficiency.