Multiclass, multistage, and multilevel fiber-optic CDMA signaling techniques based on advanced binary optical logic gate elements

In this paper we introduce and propose novel signaling methods and receiver structures based on advanced binary optical logic gates for fiber-optic code division multiple access (FO-CDMA) systems using all-optical signal processing. In the proposed system the users of the network are categorized into multiple classes. Users of each class transmit at the same power level but different from the levels of the other classes' users. Using a combination of optical OR, AND and XNOR logic gates for the receiver structure we show that such a network not only takes the full advantages of all-optical signal processing but also demonstrates a considerable throughput efficiency when compared to ordinary FO-CDMA systems. The proposed receiver structure mitigates the effect of interfering users from the other classes by rejecting some specified power level combinations from the other classes. The depth of interference cancellation is a function of the corresponding number of power levels and the number of stages applied to the optical logic gates in use. In our analysis we choose the generalized form of optical orthogonal codes (OOC), i.e., OOCs with cross-correlation value greater than one, as the signature sequence. We begin by emphasizing on two-level systems, that is, when the users can select one out of two power levels for signal transmission. However, for multilevel FO-CDMA we obtain a closed-form relation for the upper bound on the probability of error. We will show that under the ideal case the increase in throughput resulting from the proposed multilevel system is proportional to the number of classes or power levels in use. Our analytical results are compared to the results of an extensive system simulation. The numerical closeness between, the analytical and system simulation, indicates the accuracy with which we have modeled mathematically our proposed signaling using advanced binary optical logic gates in FO-CDMA. Index Terms--Fiber-optic CDMA (FO-CDMA), optical logic gates, optical orthogonal codes (OOC), multilevel signaling, optical and logic gate, optical XNOR logic gate, optical or logic gate, multiclass multistage OCDMA, multilevel OCDMA.