Substance P and bradykinin stimulate plasma extravasation in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and pancreas

The extravasation of plasma proteins was analyzed in murine gastrointestinal tract and pancreas to determine the neurally mediated mechanisms that promote gastric and pancreatic inflammation. Extravasation of plasma proteins from the postcapillary venules of murine stomach, pancreas, small and large intestines was induced by the interaction of bradykinin and substance P with NK1 and B2 receptors. Furthermore, the major sites of elevated plasma extravasation to bradykinin and substance P occurred in the submucosa of the stomach, small intestine and colon.