Propulsion system design of electric and hybrid vehicles

There is a growing interest in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles due to environmental concerns. Recent efforts are directed toward developing an improved propulsion system for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles applications. This paper is aimed at developing the system design philosophies of electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion systems. The vehicles' dynamics are studied in an attempt to find an optimal torque-speed profile for the electric propulsion system. This study reveals that the vehicles' operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and grade, can be met with minimum power rating if the power train can be operated mostly in the constant power region. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the importance of the constant power operation. Operation of several candidate motors in the constant power region are also examined. Their behaviors are compared and conclusions are made. Index Terms - Electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, motor drives, road vehicle electric propulsion, road vehicle propulsion.