The relationship between nanoscale architecture and function in photovoltaic multichromophoric arrays as visualized by Kelvin probe force microscopy

The nanoscale structural architecture and electronic properties of perylenebis(dicarboximide) (PDI)-functionalized polyisocyanide (P-PDI)-based blends for photovoltaics are analyzed by using Kelvin probe force microscopy. This method has allowed the direct visualization of the photovoltaic activity occurring in such a nanoscale phase-segregated ultrathin film with true nanoscale spatial resolution.