Visualizing plane stress

Design engineers can use a series of equations on shear and normal stresses to determine the strength requirement of spiral seam weld on a pressure vessel, such as an airplane. These equations were derived by applying stress-transformation equations into a structural element model. Designers can enhance the visualization of stresses through the use of a graphical method.
Structural components, such as pressure vessels, crankshafts, rotors, and beams, develop plane or biaxial stresses under normal loading in one or more directions. The problem this creates for designers is [...]