Mutation and allelic loss of the p53 gene in endometrial carcinoma: incidence and outcome in 92 surgical patients

Background. Alterations of the p53 gene are involved in the development of diverse human malignancies, but their incidence and clinicopathologic features are still not well characterized for endometrial carcinoma. Methods. To investigate the clinicopathologic significance of p53, mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in endometrial carcinoma in 92 patients with this disease were examined. Results. Mutations of p53 were detected in 20 (22%) of the 92 patients with carcinoma, and LOH was detected in 23 (32%) of the 72 patients in whom heterozygosity of the gene was available. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of mutation and LOH. Mutations and LOH were more frequent in patients with Grade 3 tumors than in those with Grades 1 and 2 tumors (P = 0.0498, P = 0.0051, respectively). Patients with LOH had a poorer postoperative survival than those without LOH (P = 0.0022, log-rank test), and patients with both LOH and mutation showed the worst prognosis (P < 0.0001, log rank test). Loss of heterozygosity of the p53 gene showed a significant relation to prognosis that was independent of tumor stage, histologic grade, and muscular invasion. Conclusions. Mutation and LOH of the p53 gene are prognostic indicators in patients with endometrial carcinoma, suggesting that alterations of p53 may play an important role in the development of this cancer. Cancer 1995; 76:72-8. Key words: p53, tumor suppressor gene, loss of heterozygosity, endometrial carcinoma, prognostic factor, single strand conformation polymorphism, microsatellite polymorphism.