Simulation of sand in plunging breakers

A numerical model that simulates the sediment transport due to plunging breaking waves has been developed. A plunging breaker is simulated by superimposing a jet on a nonbreaking wave. The hydrodynamics are described by applying a discrete vortex model based on the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian description of the cloud-in-cell method. Rotation is introduced in the flow where the jet impinges on the surface and in the boundary layer along the bottom. A combined diffusion-convection procedure provides a Lagrangian description of the suspended sediment. The pickup and initial suspension event in the boundary layer is simulated by a diffusion process, while the transport in the outer flow domain is simulated by convection, using the flow field provided by the hydrodynamic module. The bed-load transport is calculated by a conventional formula that relates the transport rate to the Shields parameter. A simulation over a complex bottom topography is compared to the full-scale laboratory experiments performed by Dette and Uliczka in 1986. The calculated and measured time-averaged concentration profiles show good agreement both with respect to the overall concentration levels and the cross-shore distribution.