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In vivo T lymphocyte dynamics in humans and the impact of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. May 8, 2007, Vol. 104 Issue 19, p8035, 6 p.
- Publication Year :
- 2007
-
Abstract
- Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a persistent CD[4.sup.+] T-lymphotropic retrovirus. Most HTLV-1-infected individuals remain asymptomatic, but a proportion develop adult T cell leukemia or inflammatory disease. It is not fully understood how HTLV-1 persists despite a strong immune response or what determines the risk of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Until recently, it has been difficult to quantify lymphocyte kinetics in humans in vivo. Here, we used deuterated glucose labeling to quantify in vivo lymphocyte dynamics in HTLV-1-infected individuals. We then used these results to address four questions. (i) What is the impact of HTLV-1 infection on lymphocyte dynamics? (ii) How does HTLV-1 persist? (iii) What is the extent of HTLV-1 expression in vivo? (iv) What features of lymphocyte kinetics are associated with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis? We found that CD[4.sup.+]CD45R[O.sup.+] and CD[8.sup.+]CD45R[O.sup.+] T lymphocyte proliferation was elevated in HTLV-1-infected subjects compared with controls, with an extra 1012 lymphocytes produced per year in an HTLV-1-infected subject. The in vivo proliferation rate of CD[4.sup.+]CD45R[O.sup.+] cells also correlated with ex vivo viral expression. Finally, the inflammatory disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis was associated with significantly increased CD[4.sup.+]CD45R[O.sup.+] cell proliferation. We suggest that there is persistent viral gene expression in vivo, which is necessary for the maintenance of the proviral load and determines HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis risk.
- Subjects :
- HTLV-I (Virus) -- Research
Science and technology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00278424
- Volume :
- 104
- Issue :
- 19
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.164221486