Rates of energy consumption and acquisition by lecithotrophic larvae of Bugula neritina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)

Metabolic competence is discarded by the lecithotrophic larvae of Bugula neritina, a Cheilostome bryozoan, 12 to 24 hours after being released from the maternal zooid. The larvae exhibit active swimming behavior, which is revealed by their high rate of respiration. A 15. 24 milli Joule energy consumption is characteristic of all the larvae. Loss of metamorphic competence consumes 20% of the energy in the larvae.