Molecular Mechanisms of Antibacterial Multidrug Resistance

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.004 Byline: Michael N. Alekshun (1), Stuart B. Levy (2) Abstract: Treatment of infections is compromised worldwide by the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Although classically attributed to chromosomal mutations, resistance is most commonly associated with extrachromosomal elements acquired from other bacteria in the environment. These include different types of mobile DNA segments, such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons. However, intrinsic mechanisms not commonly specified by mobile elements -- such as efflux pumps that expel multiple kinds of antibiotics -- are now recognized as major contributors to multidrug resistance in bacteria. Once established, multidrug-resistant organisms persist and spread worldwide, causing clinical failures in the treatment of infections and public health crises. Author Affiliation: (1) Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA (2) Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance, Department of Molecular Biology & Microbiology and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA