A common step for signal transduction in G protein-coupled receptors

Cellular signal transduction models were created to characterize the action of G protein-coupled receptors. The models were based on the aligned sequences of the transmembrane helices of bacteriorhodopsin and some G protein-coupled receptors. The signal transduction pathway show that allosteric effects regulate ligand binding, G protein coupling and binding of molecules to the G protein. It also shows that the alignment of G protein-coupled receptors with bacteriorhodopsin was problematic.