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Studies of structure and dynamics in a nominally symmetric twisted amide by NMR and electronic structure calculations

Authors :
Bain, Alex D.
Chen, Hao
Harrison, Paul H.M.
Source :
Canadian Journal of Chemistry. March 2006, Vol. 84 Issue 3, p421, 8 p.
Publication Year :
2006

Abstract

Amides that are twisted around the C--N bond show unusual spectroscopy and reactivity when compared with planar amides. The diacyl derivatives of 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-2,5-dithioglycoluril are intriguing examples of this class, since the crystal structures show that the two acyl groups are twisted by different amounts on either side of the molecule owing to a combination of steric and electronic effects. However, the ¹H NMR spectra in solution at room temperature exhibit only one acyl resonance, so there must be fast interconversion among pairs of equivalent structures of each compound. We have prepared a number of derivatives with different acyl groups, both on the glycoluril framework as well as on its dithio analogue. The chemical exchange in solution was slowed down sufficiently by cooling to see individual sites for only two compounds: the dithiodipivaloyl and the dithiodiadamantyl derivatives. The barriers were estimated at 41 kJ [mol.sup.-1] for the dipivaloyl derivative and 45 kJ [mol.sup.-1] for diadamantyl derivative. The results show that rotation around the twisted amide bond is slowed by both the steric size of the acyl group and the presence of the thioureido group vs. the ureido group in the glycoluril core. In the solid-state 13C NMR spectra, there is no evidence for any dynamics, even for the diacetyl derivative at ambient temperature. Electronic structure calculations predict a geometry for the dipivaloyl derivative very close to that observed in the crystal structure. These results indicate that the crystal confines, but does not distort the molecule. A mechanism for the exchange is proposed. The relevance of these results to the mechanism of Claisen-like condensations in diacylglycolurils is also discussed. Key words: ¹H and [sup.13]C NMR, exchange, dynamics, CP/MAS, solids, line shape analysis, amides, twisted amides, atropisomers, glycoluril. Par comparaison avec les proprietes correspondantes des amides planaires, les proprietes spectroscopiques et la reactivite des amides ayant subi une deformation autour de la liaison C--N presentent des caracteristiques inhabituelles. Les derives diaryles du 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-2,5-dithioglycouril sent des exemples intriguant de cette classe puisque leurs structures cristallines montrent la presence de deux groupes acyles decales par des angles differents sur chaque cote de la molecule en raison d'une combinaison d'effets sterique et electronique. Toutefois, le spectre RMN du ¹H en solution, a la temperature ambiante ne presente qu'un seul signal de resonance pour un groupe acyle, ce qui implique qu'il se produit une interconversion rapide entre les paires de structures equivalentes de chaque compose. On a prepare un certain hombre de derives avec diffErents groupes acyles, tantdans le squelette du glycoluril que dans son analogue dithio. Le refroidissement des solutions afin de ralentir suffisamment l'Echange chimique en solution ne nous a permis d'observer les sites individuels de deux que dans les cas de deux derives, le dithiodipyvaloyle et le dithiodiadamantyle. On a evalue que les barrieres sent de 41 kJ [mol.sup.-1] pour le derive dipivaloyle et de 45 kJ [mol.sup.-1] pour le derive diadamantyle. Les resultats montrent que la rotation autour de la liaison amide deformee est ralentie tant par la grosseur sterique du groupe acyle que par la presence d'un groupe thioureido vs. le groupe ureido du coeur de glycouril. Dans le spectre RMN du [sup.13]C a l'etat solide, on n'a releve aucune donnee pour quelle que dynamique que ce soit, meme avec le derive diacetyle a la temperature ambiante. Des calculs de structure electronique permettent de predire une geometrie pour le derive dipivaloyle qui ressemble beaucoup a celle observee dans la structure cristalline. Les resultats indiquent que le cristal sert a confiner les molecules sans toutefois les deformer. On propose un mecanisme pour l'echange. On discute aussi de l'interet de ces resultats pour le mecanisme de condensations de type Claisen dans les diacetylglycolurils. Mots cles : RMN du ¹H et [sup.13]C, echange, dynamique, CP/MAS, solides, analyse de la forme des bandes, amides, amides deformes, atropisomeres, glycoluril. [Traduit par la Redaction]<br />Introduction Amides are perhaps the most studied three-atom linkage in chemistry (1, 2). Their central role as the backbone of protein structure provides thousands of different examples of the peptide [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00084042
Volume :
84
Issue :
3
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Canadian Journal of Chemistry
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.147057653