Seal formation, runoff, and interrill erosion from seventeen California soils

Soil surface crusts and seals reduce soil infiltration rate, increase soil strength, and may increase erosion by increasing runoff. Among the most important factors determining amounts of erosion are the soil chemical and physical properties that determine soil sealing and erodibility. Soil splash and wash erosion, runoff, and splash volume were measured for 17 soils, which ranged in clay content from 80 to 360 g kg to the -1, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) from