Disability and preventive cancer screening: results from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey

Objective. We sought to evaluate preventive cancer screening compliance among adults with disability in California. Methods. We used data from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey to compare disabled and nondisabled adults for differences in preventive cancer screening behaviors. Compliance rates for cancer screening tests (mammography, Papanicolaou test, prostate-specific antigen, sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, and fecal occult blood test) between the 2 subpopulations were evaluated. Results. Women with disabilities were 17% (Papanicolaou tests) and 13% (mammograms) more likely than women without disabilities to report noncompliance with cancer screening guidelines. Interactions between disability and reports of a doctor recommendation on cervical cancer screening were significant; women with disabilities had a lower likelihood of receiving a recommendation. Men with disabilities were 19% less likely than men without disabilities to report a prostate-specific antigen test within the last 3 years. Conclusions. Despite higher rates of health insurance and more stable access to care, significant differences in the use of preventive cancer screening services by persons with disabilities persist. Symmetries in health promotion behaviors among the subpopulations suggest that individual health behaviors may be secondary to structural and/or clinical factors underpinning the differences found. (Am J Public Health. 2005;95:2057-2064. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.066118)