Multiple-try feedback and higher-order learning outcomes

This review compares multiple-try feedback (MTF) to other common forms of feedback for lower- and higher-order learning outcomes. Twelve effect sizes from eleven studies indicate that MTF is less effective than other types of feedback lot verbatim outcomes, with a median effect size of -0.22 and a mean effect size of -0.22. However, twenty-three effect sizes from fourteen studies indicates that MTF is slightly more effective than other types of feedback for higher-order outcomes, with a median effect size of 0.10 and a mean effect size of 0.08. These findings indicate that MTF functions differently than other common forms of feedback, and may be most appropriate for higher-order but not verbatim learning outcomes in computer-based instruction.
Although feedback is an important component of computer-based instruction (CBI), the effects of feedback on higher-order learning outcomes are not well understood (Mory, 1996; Smith & Ragan, 1993). Several meta-analyses [...]