Functional characterization of transgene integration patterns by halo fluorescence in situ hybridization: electroporation versus retroviral infection

The gene transfer routes for integration of single copy transgenes into tissues by infection or electroporation are evaluated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique indicates that a consistent, expression level-independent association potential is imparted to nuclear matrix by the retroviral infectants, whereas electroporated proviral inserts mostly localize to the loop fraction.