Back to Search Start Over

Factors associated with inadequate urinary iodine concentration among pregnant women in Mbeya region Tanzania. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Authors :
Tedson Lukindo
Ray Masumo
Adam Hancy
Sauli E. John
Heavenlight A. Paulo
Abraham Sanga
Ramadhan Noor
Fatoumata Lankoande
Elifatio Towo
Germana H. Leyna
Gemma Bridge
Raman Bedi
Author Affiliations :
<relatesTo>1</relatesTo>Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Barack Obama Drive, Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 977, Tanzania<br /><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, MUHAS, P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania<br /><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, P.O. Box 4076, Tanzania<br /><relatesTo>4</relatesTo>Global Child Dental Fund (GCD fund), King's College London, Norfolk Building, Room G03-G03A, The Global Child Dental Fund, Surrey Street, London, WC2R 2ND, UK<br /><relatesTo>5</relatesTo>Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Garrod Building, Turner Street, Whitechapel,, London, E1 2AD, UK<br /><relatesTo>6</relatesTo>King's College London, Norfolk Building, Room G03-G03A, Surrey Street, London, WC2R 2ND, UK
Source :
F1000Research. 10:858
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
London, UK: F1000 Research Limited, 2022.

Abstract

Background: Insufficient and excessive iodine intake during pregnancy can lead to serious health problems. In Tanzania, information available on iodine status during pregnancy is minimal. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status and its association with socio-demographic factors in pregnant women in the Mbeya region, Tanzania. Method: A cross sectional survey involving 420 pregnant women (n=420) registered in Reproductive and Child Health Clinics was conducted. Data were collected via interviews and laboratory analysis of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Results: Median UIC was 279.4μg/L (+/-26.1) to 1915μg/L. Insufficient iodine intake (UIC below 150μg/L) was observed in 17.14% of participants, sufficient intake in 24.29% and 58.57% had intakes above the recommended level (>250μg/L). Pregnant women who consume fish had an increased risk of insufficient iodine [Adjusted OR7= 2.60 (95%CI 1.31-5.15)] while the risk was lower for those who attended primary education compared to non-formal education [Adjusted OR= 0.29 (95%CI 0.08-0.99)]. Pregnant women resident in Mbarali district aged between 35-49 years were associated with an increased risk of UIC above recommended level [Adjusted OR=4.09 (95%CI 1.85-9.010] and [Adjusted OR=2.51 (95%CI 0.99-6.330] respectively . Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between geographical factors (residence in the Mbarali district) and excess median urine iodine concentration, in addition, this study also found an association between consumption of freshwater fish and insufficient mean urine iodine concentration as indicated by the World Health Organization recommendation. Therefore, educational programs on iodine intake are needed as attending primary education was found to be a protective factor for insufficient median urine iodine concentration.

Subjects

Subjects :
Research Article
Articles
Iodine deficiency
medium urine iodine concentration
pregnant women
socio-demographic and dietary risk factors

Details

ISSN :
20461402
Volume :
10
Database :
F1000Research
Journal :
F1000Research
Notes :
Revised Amendments from Version 1 We have carefully edited the manuscript according to the inputs from reviewer #1. We hope that the revised manuscript is clear enough to follow and understand. In the abstract section, we have made editions that now explicitly state the risk factors: Geographical location (Mbarali district) and; the age of pregnant women (35-49 years) associated with excessive median urine iodine concentration (UIC) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The corresponding risk factors for insufficient median urine iodine concentration (UIC) were consuming fish from freshwater (increased the risk), and pregnant women who attended at least primary school education were protective. In the introduction section, we have added information to clarify the gaps and challenges in implementing salt iodisation programs in highland regions. In the methods section, we have added more information and provided the maps of the study site: the Mbeya region in Tanzania and its seven districts. The sampling procedures have been carefully rewritten and reorganized to enhance the logic flow. In the results section, as in the abstract section, we have made editions that now explicitly state the risk factors with insufficient and excessive medium urinary iodine concentration among pregnant women in the Mbeya region Tanzania. In the discussion and conclusion sections, we have carefully edited the sections according to the inputs from reviewer #1 and stating explicitly the risk factors associated with excessive and insufficient UIC. We hope the revised discussion and conclusion sections are clear enough to follow and understand., , [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsfor.10.12688.f1000research.55269.2
Document Type :
research-article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55269.2
Full Text Access
View/download PDF

Tools

Authors Abstract Subjects Details