Imre Lakatos: L'heuristique et la tolérance méthodologique

An analysis of the concepts of heuristics and methodological tolerance developed by Lakatos, based on the article "Falsification and methodology of scientific research programs", first published in 1970, then in the work The methodology of research programs scientific, volume I. I analyzed in this text the author's exemplary for the research program of light emission (in quantum physics at the beginning). A detailed example of the concepts is presented by Lakatos in the section "Newton's Effect on Scientific Standards" of the same book. I have also often referred to the book Proofs and Refutations, published by Lakatos in 1976, in which he sets out his heuristic vision through a direct application to the evolution of mathematics. I also referred to articles by other authors for the analysis of the two concepts in Lakatos' vision.