Biblioclastia en los siglos XX y XXI. Revisión sistematizada

Biblioclasty is the destruction of books and bibliographic material. The objective of this research was to identify the methods and historical contexts of the intentional destruction of books in the 20th and 21st centuries through a systematized literature review. A bibliographic search was conducted in the databases Scopus, Core, Google Scholar, Repositorios Latinoamericanos, Web of Science, Springer, Oxford, Unesco, E-lis, La Referencia, Jstor y Dialnet. 27 documents were selected for analysis, from which two contexts were established in which biblioclasty occurs: Conflict and Non-conflict. In addition, three techniques with which books are destroyed were identified: Burning, Manual Destruction, and Shredding. It is concluded that in the conflict context, the main cause of biblioclasty is censorship because of what the book represents as a means of freedom of expression. In the non-conflict context the destruction is for artistic reasons, vandalism or for health security. The most used method is book burning, related to conflict and security contexts (pandemic). Other methods were used to a lesser extent such as crushing.