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Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023

Authors :
Marcel S. Kallweit
Nayeli P. Kallweit
Ulf Kallweit
Source :
Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Vol 7, Iss 4, p 42 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Biological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous, and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. The management of sleep–wake circadian disorders (SWCDs) includes education on sleep hygiene, behavioral strategies, psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly), instrument-based treatments (i.e., positive airway pressure therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation), and pharmacotherapy. Depending on the disease, therapy varies and is executed sequentially or can be a combination of several forms of therapy. Drugs used for SWCDs include traditional sleep- or wake-promoting agents and chronotherapeutic agents. Recently, novel medications, which more precisely act on specific neurochemical systems (i.e., the orexin system) important for sleep and waking, are also increasingly being used. In this review, the pharmacotherapy of common sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorder, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders) embedded in the overall therapeutic concept of each disorder is presented. There is also an outlook on possible future pharmacotherapies.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2514183X
Volume :
7
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Clinical and Translational Neuroscience
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.fff47330c4da28f170a2cf58f7e68
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn7040042