Regional Heterogeneity Analysis of Residential Electricity Consumption in Chinese Cities: Based on Spatial Measurement Models

The share of electricity consumption by urban and rural residents in China’s overall electricity consumption is very close to that of the tertiary sector, which has become an important driver of China’s electricity consumption growth. At the same time, due to the mismatch between China’s regional resource endowments and the level of regional development, the regional supply and demand situation for electricity varies. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the regional differences in residential electricity consumption and the factors affecting it, and accordingly adopt targeted and feasible measures to regulate residential electricity consumption. This article includes data from 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2019, and adopts a “three lines” method of region-partitioning (Qinling–Huaihe line, Huhuanyong line, and Shanhaiguan line) to divide four regions. We used spatial econometric models to examine residential electricity consumption and its influencing factors in China from the standpoint of regional heterogeneity. The results show that there is significant regional heterogeneity in residential electricity consumption in China, and the difference between the north of the Shanhaiguan line and other areas is significant. Moreover, there is a positive spatial correlation in the per capita domestic electricity consumption of urban residents, and each influencing factor has obvious regional heterogeneity, among which household appliances are the significant influencing factor. Based on the regional heterogeneity of residential electricity consumption, management measures should be formulated according to local conditions, and the supply of electricity should be ensured by strengthening multidimensional initiatives.