Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and tau protein impairment in cognitive functioning in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disorder. It has an impact on various organs and systems in the body. Both hypo- and hyper-glycemia can lead to cognitive impairment through several metabolic pathways. Previously, the battery of studies has reported the decline in cognitive functions through preclinical studies using in vivo and in vitro methods as well as clinical studies in elderly populations. Previous reports of the clinical studies had limited to one domain of cognitive function, the elderly population, and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and tau protein levels. The present review article attempts to find the various mechanisms and their inter correlation leading to cognitive impairment among patients with DM.