Variations in Optic Cup to Disc Ratio Due to Refractive Errors and Smoking

Objective: To evaluate the deviation of Optic Cup to Disc Ratio with refractive errors and smoking status. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out from January to October, 2016 at Dr Akil bin Abdul Kadir Institute of Ophthalmology,Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 300 eyes of 300 patients were included in the study and divided according to the error of refraction into emmetropic (n=135), hypermetropic (n=77) and myopic (n=88) eyes for Cup to Disc Ratio measurements. To assess the effect of smoking, emmetropic eyes were further divided into smokers (n=23) and nonsmokers (n=112). Independent T test and ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the mentioned groups. P value