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Carbon Nanodots-Embedded Pullulan Nanofibers for Sulfathiazole Removal from Wastewater Streams
- Source :
- Membranes, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 228 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Carbon nanodots (CNDs)-embedded pullulan (PUL) nanofibers were developed and successfully applied for sulfathiazole (STZ) removal from wastewater streams for the first time. The CNDs were incorporated into PUL at 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% (w/w) to produce M1, M2, M3, and M4 nanofibers (PUL-NFs), respectively. The produced PUL-NFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and applied for STZ removal from aqueous solutions through pH, kinetics, and equilibrium batch sorption trials. A pH range of 4.0–6.0 was observed to be optimal for maximum STZ removal. Pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models were suitably fitted to kinetics adsorption data (R2 = 0.82–0.99), whereas Dubinin–Radushkevich, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherms were fitted to equilibrium adsorption data (R2= 0.88–0.99). STZ adsorption capacity of PUL-NFs improved as the amount of embedded CNDs increased. Maximum STZ adsorption capacities of the synthesized PUL-NFs were in the order of: M4 > M3 > M2 > M1 (133.68, 124.27, 93.09, and 35.04 mg g−1, respectively). Lewis acid–base reaction and π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions were the key STZ removal mechanisms under an acidic environment, whereas H-bonding and diffusion were key under a basic environment. Therefore, CNDs-embedded PUL-NFs could be employed as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and non-toxic adsorbent to remove STZ from wastewater streams.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20770375
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Membranes
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.fe197d3309dd477f9efdb99ae145c96f
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020228