Influence of luteolin on the invasion and migration of an human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line

Objective To investigate the effects of luteolin on the invasion and migration of the human tongue squa⁃ mous carcinoma cell line SCCl5. Methods SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The MTT assay was then carried out to estimate the proliferation of SCC15 cells treated with various concentrations of luteolin. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (1, 5 and 10 μg/mL), and the migration of SCC15 cells was examined in wound healing assays. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the migration and invasion of the cells were exam⁃ ined in Transwell migration/invasion assays. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (10, 20 and 40 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the conditioned medium was collected. The levels of the gelatinases matrix metalloprotein⁃ ases⁃2 and ⁃9 (MMP⁃2, MMP⁃9) in the conditional medium were detected by gelatin zymography assays. Results The MTT assay showed that luteolin had a substantial inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SCC15 cells in a concentration⁃ and time ⁃dependent manner (P < 0.01). The migration, invasion and proliferation of the SCCl5 cell lines were signifi⁃ cantly lower after treatment with luteolin than in the control. The numbers of migrating and invading SCCl5 cells were 340.00 ± 22.94, 52.67 ± 6.94 and 6.57 ± 0.80 versus 85.67 ± 5.18, 39.67 ± 4.63 and 2.67 ± 0.29, respectively (P < 0.01). The enzyme activities of MMP⁃2 and MMP⁃9 decreased significantly in response to luteolin treatment in a concen⁃ tration⁃dependent manner (P < 0.01). Conclusion Luteolin inhibited the invasion and migration of SCC15 cells by re⁃ ducing the activities of MMP⁃2 and MMP⁃9.