Exploring the Utilization of Magnetic Composite Materials for High-Risk Contaminant Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption and Catalytic Processes—A Review

In the context of waters polluted with different high-risk contaminants, the development of efficient materials able to efficiently clean them is necessary. In the first part, the present review focuses on the ability of various types of magnetic layered double hydroxide materials to act as adsorbents for water contaminated mainly with heavy metals and dyes. Also, this paper reviews the ability of different magnetic layered double hydroxide materials to act as potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with other types of pollutants, such as pharmaceutical products, phenolic compounds, phytohormones, and fungicides. In the second part, the applicability of the catalytic method for water depollution is explored. Thus, the use of simple or composite materials based on Fe3O4 is reviewed for the purpose of the catalytic degradation of organic compounds (dyes/phenols/pharmaceuticals). At the end, a review of multifunctional materials able to simultaneously neutralize different types of pollutants from wastewater is provided.