LOCATION, LAYOUT AND ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE OF THE USSR’S PULP AND PAPER ENTERPRISES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930s (EXAMPLES OF ARKHANGELSK AND SOLIKAMSK MILLS)

During the industrialization in the late 1920s - early 1940s, Soviet Union constructed large pulp and paper mills, mainly in the European North and North-West, the Volga-Vyatka district, and the Urals. These were combines built using advanced industrial construction technologies and equipped with advanced equipment and processes. The planning and architectural appearance of these mills are poorly studied, though presenting undeniable interest in terms of pulp-and-paper industry history, operation of industrial buildings in the late 1920s - early 1940s, and prospects for their use at present. The examples chosen are Arkhangelsk Mill (in the north of the European part of Russia) and Solikamsk Mill (Western Urals), which were built in the second half of the 1930s - early 1940s and put into operation on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Both were built following the same design but had differences in layout and architectural appearance. The study revealed that a key role in the planning of the mills belonged to the mutual position of the river and the railway line to the nearest station. Most of the production buildings built in the late 1930s and early 1940s operated for a long time, underwent reconstruction or, if dilapidated, were subjected to conservation or dismantled. The buildings formed the architectural appearance of these pulp-and-paper mills and continue to be its integral parts at the present time.