A systematic review about prophylactic L-carnitine administration in parenteral nutrition of extremely preterm infants

Abstract: Objective: Preterm infants with total parenteral nutrition are at particular risk of developing carnitine deficiency with impaired tolerance of parenteral lipids. The objective was to review the scientific literature on potencial benefits of prophylactic L-carnitine administration in parenteral nutrition of preterm newborns. Methods: Selected scientific articles in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, British Library EThOS and TESEO databases were assessed for this systematic review. The terms used as descriptors were «Total Parenteral Nutrition» and «Carnitine». Jadad scale was chosen to evaluate the quality of them. Results: 18 out of the 93 references retrieved were selected for reviewing after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 of them were discarded for being considered of low quality. Almost all studies agreed on the analytical variables measured (free carnitine and acylcarnitine, triglycerides, free fatty acids and ketone bodies). Other clinical variables such as weight gain, apnea, or lenght of stay at hospital were also considered. Conclusions: The present results prove that routine supplementation in the parenteral nutrition of preterm newborns may help to increase carnitine levels, but neither a relevant improvement in the lipid profile, or an increase in weight gain, or a decrease in morbimortality or reduction of hospital stay could be demonstrated. More studies are needed in preterm infants to know whether routine supplementation of L-carnitine in neonates requiring total parenteral nutrition for a long time would provide any clinical benefit.