Computational study of cross-flow in entropy-optimized nanofluids

Nanofluids (NFDs) are becoming better understood as a result of substantial boost in thermal efficiency advances and the rate of energy exchange employed in requisite fuel dynamics and automotive coolants. Owing to its usage, computational scrutinization examines the cross-flow of an NFD past an expanding/contracting sheet with the impact of suction. In addition, the entropy and irregular generation/absorption effects are induced to compute/estimate the magnificent point of NFD flow. The innovative components of this study are Brinkman number, nanoparticle volume fraction, dimensionless temperature difference, expanding/contracting factor, irregular heat source/sink, and suction parameters. The boundary layers undergo a stream-wise process through expanding and contracting sheets. Also, the study makes use of numerical simulations to scrutinize the aspects of heat transport and cross-flow of NFDs. The fundamental partial differential equations of the current model are converted to ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables, and then they are exercised via the bvp4c approach. Therefore, parametric research has been used to frame the effects of embedded flow variables on the drag force, heat transfer rate, and entropy generation profiles. Multiple solutions are provided for a certain range of shrinking parameters as well as the mass suction parameter. The results suggest that the shear stress enhances due to suction fwa{f}_{\text{wa}} and nanoparticle volume fraction φTiO2{\varphi }_{{\text{TiO}}_{2}}, while the heat transfer accelerates due to φTiO2{\varphi }_{{\text{TiO}}_{\text{2}}} and heat source (Ab⁎,Bb⁎>0)({A}_{b}^{\ast },{B}_{b}^{\ast }\gt 0) and decelerates due to heat sink (Ab⁎,Bb⁎