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Differential systemic gene expression profile in patients with diabetic macular edema: Responders versus nonresponders to standard treatment
- Source :
- Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 62, Iss 1, Pp 66-73 (2014)
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2014.
-
Abstract
- Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. The current practice of management is a" trial and error "method of using intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)′′ or steroids to treat the patient and watch the response. However, if the patient′s genetic profile helps us choose appropriate medicine, it would help customize treatment option for each patient. This forms the basis of our study. Materials and Methods: A case-control, prospective, observational series, where DME patients were treated with bevacizumab and subclassified as treatment naοve, treatment responders, and treatment nonresponders. Blood samples of 20 subjects were studied, with five patients in each of the groups (nondiabetic- group 1, treatment naοve- group 2, treatment responder- group 3, and treatment nonresponder-group 4). Whole blood RNA extraction followed by labeling, amplification and hybridization was done, and microarray data analyzed. Genes were classified based on functional category and pathways. Results: The total number of genes upregulated among all three experimental groups was 5, whereas 105 genes were downregulated. There were no common genes upregulated between the responders and nonresponders. There was only one gene upregulated between the diabetic and diabetic responders posttreatment. There were 19 genes upregulated and 8 genes downregulated in the inflammatory pathway in group 2 versus group 1. There were no downregulated genes detected in vascular angiogenesis and transcription group. There were identical numbers of genes up- and downregulated in the inflammatory pathway. Seventeen genes were upreguated and 11 genes downregulated in receptor activity, which remained the predominant group in the group classification. Discussion: In summary, this study would provide an insight into the probable signaling mechanisms for disease pathogenesis as well as progression. This type of study eventually would aid in developing or improvising existing treatment modules with a rational approach towards personalized medicine, in future addressing the differential responses to treatment.
- Subjects :
- Lasik
corneal scars
corneoplastique
premium cataract surgery
refractive complications
radial keratotomy
pterygium
pinguecula
astigmatism
Antioxidants
electromagnetic ration
glutathione
lens
oxidative stress
2-ethylpyridine
apoptosis
ARPE-19 cells
cigarette smoke toxicant
mitochondrial membrane potential
reactive oxygen/nitrogen species
Intacs
keratoconus
nomogram
Allograft
autograft
cell-based therapy
limbus
limbal stem cell deficiency
limbal transplantation
niche
stem cells
Infant blindness
iPhone
middle-income countries
non-physician graders
Retcam
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
rural areas
screening
smart phones
telemedicine
tele-ophthalmology
tele-ROP
wide-field digital imaging
Diode laser
pattern laser
retinal photocoagulation
subthreshold micropulse laser
yellow laser
Eye movement perimeter
glaucoma
saccadic reaction time
Adaptive optics
cone count
cone spacing
retinal imaging
Bevacizumab
diabetic macular edema
gene expression profile
microarray analysis
Ophthalmology
RE1-994
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03014738 and 19983689
- Volume :
- 62
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.fb355614c5c6481ea29ac082c7e21dd8
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.126186