Features of Adipose Tissue Distribution in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Obesity and Arterial Hypertension Associated with Dyslipidemia

Introduction. The development of atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is often associated with obesity. Objective. To examine the relationship between excess fat deposits in various compartments of the body and altered levels of blood lipids. Materials and Methods. The study involved 53 patients (25 men) aged 55.90 ± 2.15 years with DM type 2, essential hypertension of stage I–II grade 2 and obesity of I–III degree (45 ≥ body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). In all patients we have determined plasma lipid levels and carried out a study of body structure using dual X-ray absorbtiometry with the determination total body fat (TBF) mass, android fat (AF) mass and gynoid fat (GF) mass. The regression analysis of the correlation between lipid profile parameters and fat mass based on its distribution has been carried out. Results. Total cholesterol level was significantly associated with AF mass (r = 0.27; p = 0.04). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level was positively associated with TBF (r = 0.34; p = 0.01). Herewith, the main contribution into this association was made by abdominal compartment, as the dependence of LDL-cholesterol on AF (r = 0.38) was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Triglyceride level was positively associated with TBF (r = 0.49; p = 0.001), as well as with AF (r = 0.39; p = 0.01) and GF (r = 0.32; p = 0.02). High-density lipoproteins (HDL) level was negatively associated with TBF (r = –0.36; p = 0.01). Conclusions. In patients with DM type 2 with obesity and hypertension, the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia with elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, as well as with decreased level of HDL-cholesterol, is associated with an increase in the total amount of adipose tissue, and also with an excessive fat deposition in the abdominal region.