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Contributions of long-range transport from the Asian continent and local emissions on atmospheric PM2.5, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their nitro-derivatives in Kanazawa and Noto Peninsula, Japan

Authors :
Kazuichi Hayakawa
Pham Kim-Oanh
Akinori Takami
Hiroshi Odajima
Edward G. Nagato
Akinori Hara
Hiroyuki Nakamura
Source :
Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 5, Pp e27320- (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
Elsevier, 2024.

Abstract

This study collected samples of particulate matter that are 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) in Kanazawa, Japan, and Noto Peninsula located 100 km north on the windward side of the westerlies from the Asian continent and characterized the extent of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) pollution in Kanazawa. Emission areas and specific sources of PM2.5 and of PAHs and NPAHs were clarified via back-trajectory analysis and the NP-method, respectively. The results indicate that during 2020 and 2021, most PAHs (93%) in Kanazawa were transported from the Asian continent by westerlies and that the main source was coal and biomass combustion. The presence of NPAHs in Kanazawa was caused by a mixture of transport from the Asian continent (53%) and local emissions (47%), with the main source of the latter being from vehicles. Although the content of combustion-derived particulates (Pc) was summer) to that of PAHs. The contribution of Pc transported from the Asian continent exceeded that of locally emitted Pc. The current situation of Kanazawa is considerably different from that of 1997, when local vehicles were the main source of pollution.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
24058440
Volume :
10
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Heliyon
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.fb01c1d3d2604400b2e05e590ac4fb54
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27320