Exploration of the in vitro Antiviral Effects and the Active Components of Changyanning Tablets Against Enterovirus 71

Qiong Ge,1,* Zhewen Zhang,2,* Zhiming Cao,2 Dan Wu,3 Changping Xu,1 Jianbiao Yao,3 Jian Gao,1 Yan Feng1 1Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310057, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Feng, Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-571-87115204, Email yfeng@cdc.zj.cnPurpose: This study aims to investigate the in vitro antiviral effects of the aqueous solution of Changyanning (CYN) tablets on Enterovirus 71 (EV71), and to analyze its active components.Methods: The in vitro anti-EV71 effects of CYN solution and its herbal ingredients were assessed by testing the relative viral RNA (vRNA) expression level and the cell viability rates. Material basis analysis was performed using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS detection. Potential targets and active components were identified by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The screened components were verified by in vitro antiviral experiments.Results: CYN solution exerted anti-EV71 activities as the vRNA is markedly reduced after treatment, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 996.85 μg/mL. Of its five herbal ingredients, aqueous extract of Mosla chinensis (AEMC) and leaves of Liquidambar formosana Hance (AELLF) significantly inhibited the intracellular replication of EV71, and the IC50 was tested as 202.57 μg/mL and 174.77 μg/mL, respectively. Based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS results, as well as the comparison with the material basis of CYN solution, a total of 44 components were identified from AEMC and AELLF. Through network pharmacology, AKT1, ALB, and SRC were identified as core targets. Molecular docking performed between core targets and the components indicated that 21 components may have anti-EV71 effects. Of these, nine were selected for in vitro pharmacodynamic verification, and only rosmarinic acid manifested in vitro anti-EV71 activity, with an IC50 of 11.90 μg/mL. Moreover, rosmarinic acid can stably bind with three core targets by forming hydrogen bonds.Conclusion: CYN solution has inhibitory effects on EV71 replication in vitro, and its active component was identified as rosmarinic acid. Our study provides a new approach for screening and confirmation of the effective components in Chinese herbal preparation.Keywords: antiviral effects, material basis analysis, component-target-pathway-disease network, protein–protein interaction network, core targets, rosmarinic acid