Interaction between antiretroviral therapy regimens and body mass index on triglyceride levels in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Abstract Objective To investigate how antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and body mass index (BMI) interact to affect triglyceride (TG) levels in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods This research involved 451 men living with HIV for cross-sectional analysis, and 132 underwent follow-up assessments in 2021 and 2023. Multivariate logistic regression identified key factors, while covariance regression models assessed interactions between ART regimens and BMI on TG levels. Results The result of this cross-sectional study indicated that advanced AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) stage (OR = 2.756, P = 0.003), higher BMI (OR = 1.131, P = 0.003), and waist-hip ratio (WHR, OR = 44.684, P = 0.019) are closely associated with high triglyceride levels. Additionally, regimens containing zidovudine (AZT) (OR = 3.927, P