Potensi Hipolipidemik Yogurt dari Isolat Protein Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) pada Tikus Hiperkolesterol dengan Perlakuan Jumlah Pakan

Protein content of winged bean is almost the same as soybean, but the beany flavor is more poweful than soybean. Therefore the protein of winged bean was isolated prior to use as raw material of yogurt. This research was aimed to determine the potency of hypocholestrolemic activity of yogurt protein isolate of winged bean through in vivo bioassay by using Sprague Dawley male rats. The treatments of the research were yogurt feed treatment with concentration of yogurt 0 (standard feed without yogurt as a control), 2, and 4 g yogurt/day as low and high concentration treatment respectively for 4th weeks after hypercholesterol feed treatment for 1 week. The blood lipid profile of rats, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analysed on the 2nd and 4th weeks for the yogurt feed treatment while for before yogurt feed treatment, the evaluation were based on the adaptation phase and the 1st week for hypercholesterol phase. The result of this research showed that the blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL increased, and the blood HDL decreased in hypercholesterol phase before yogurt feed treatment. The potency of hypocholestrolemic of yogurt from protein isolate of winged bean was shown by the decreasing of blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL and increasing the HDL cholesterol after the yogurt feed treatment with low and high concentration. That indicated that yogurt that was made of protein isolate of winged bean could reduced cholesterol. ABSTRAK Biji kecipir memiliki kadar protein yang hampir sama dengan kedelai, namun bau langunya lebih tajam daripada kedelai, sehingga perlu diisolasi proteinnya sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan baku yogurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi hipokolesterolemik yogurt isolat proteun biji kecipir melalui uji biologis in vivo menggunakan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi 0 (pakan standar tanpa penambahan yogurt sebagai kontrol), 2, dan 4 g yogurt/hari berturut-turut sebagai perlakuan konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi selama 4 minggu perlakuan pakan yogurt sesudah pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol selama 1 minggu. Profil lipida darah tikus meliputi kadar trigliserida, total kolesterol, kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dianalisis pada minggu ke 2 dan 4 minggu selama perlakuan pakan yogurt dan sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt yaitu pada fase pemeliharaan adaptasi dan 1 minggu pada fase pemeliharan hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL meningkat dan kolesterol HDL menurun selama fase pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt. Potensi hipokolesterol yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir ditunjukkan dengan penurunan trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL, serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL sesudah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi rendah maupun tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir mampu menurunkan kolesterol.