Study on the Unique Mineral Microstructure of Seawater Cultured Gray Akoya Pearl by SEM, FTIR and Reflection Spectroscopy

BACKGROUND Seawater cultured gray Akoya pearls have become popular as jewelry in the recent years. In the early stage, some research focused mainly on investigating the cultured environment of seawater or freshwater pearls, element occurrence characteristics of each structural unit, irradiation treatment and the identification method of irradiated pearls. OBJECTIVES To further study the gemological characteristics and fine microstructure of a type of gray pearl with a white nucleus. METHODS Ultraviolet-visible reflection spectrum, micro-infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope methods were used. RESULTS A brown transition layer of organic matter between the nacre and nucleus was discovered, which measures several microns in thickness. A layer with no fixed morphology composed of calcite and vaterite in the nacre near the brown transition layer was also discovered. Quasi plates of aragonite exist in the nacre near the surface of the pearl. The morphology of these aragonite tablets in the middle area of the nacre was more regular, the thickness of individual aragonite plate gradually decreased in the direction from the nucleus to the surface of the pearls. The reflectance spectrum of the entire pearl surface was consistent with the spectral characteristics of the outer single nacre. The brown transition layer had no direct effect on the UV-Vis reflectance spectrum of the entire pearl. Therefore, whether or not the brown transition layer affected the gray appearance of the pearl needs further discussion. CONCLUSIONS The research work has important guiding significance for the coloring mechanism of gray Akoya pearls and the identification of the formation attributes. It can also aid in the recognition of the fine structure and mineralization characteristics of pearls with a thin layer of nacre of 0.3mm to 0.6mm.