Oral immune dysfunction is associated with the expansion of FOXP3+PD-1+Amphiregulin+ T cells during HIV infection

Anti-retroviral treatment does not fully resolve mucosal dysfunction and systemic inflammation in HIV infected individuals. Authors show here that an unusual population of regulatory T cells, distinguished by Amphiregulin expression and the incapability to suppress CD4 T cells might contribute to disrupted oral immune protection in HIV patients.