Features of natural renewal of the Korean pine in coniferous-broad-leaved forests of the Far East

The reproduction of cedar-deciduous forests of the Far East, due to their intensive transformation by logging and fires, is becoming a necessary condition for the preservation of not only valuable tree species, food and medicinal plants, but also a unique animal world-with the Amur tiger Panthera tigris tigris Kitchener and the Far Eastern leopard Panthera pardus orientalis (Schlegel). Along with the preservation of undergrowth and fine-grained wood species, it is necessary to make extensive use of the natural processes of spreading Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. seeds in the areas covered by industrial logging. The most important of them will be the creation of certain environmental conditions, the structure and composition of plantings attractive to animals and birds, contributing to the distribution of nuts over the area of destroyed stands. The formation of a certain composition of trees that favorably affect the renewal of cedar, as well as the preservation of the optimal post-harvest completeness of the stand, allows us to successfully ensure the natural renewal of cedar forests in large areas of coniferous-broad-leaved forests. It is especially important to create attractive environmental conditions for spotted nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus) and nuthatches Sitta Linnaeus, which are 90 % of the main carriers of pine nuts over long distances-up to 5 km from the source. When carrying out industrial logging and logging of forest care, it is possible to plan and create the necessary environmental conditions for birds quite successfully.