Urinary Stone Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Rural Chinese Population

Urinary stone disease (USD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Western populations. However, the prevalence and relationship between USD and CVD risk have not been fully examined in the Chinese population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 10,281 participants in rural China. All subjects underwent renal ultrasound to detect USD, brachial−ankle pulsewave velocity (baPWV) measurement to estimate arterial stiffness, and ankle−brachial index (ABI) examination to detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (defined as ABI