Cultural Landscape in the Three Gorges Region Based on Ancient Poetry Text Mining from the Tang and Song Dynasties

The Three Gorges is an important natural geographical landmark and one of the regions with the most abundant cultural heritage preservation in the Yangtze River Basin. Therefore, establishing a demonstration area for the Yangtze River National Cultural Park has become an important site selection objective. Research on the cultural landscape characteristics of the Three Gorges highlights its characteristics as a representative symbol of China and promotes the identification, protection, and valuation of its iconic cultural resources. Despite the current situation, where only a few tangible remnants of the Three Gorges heritage exist, the cultural context remains largely intact. Ancient poetry, with its classical Chinese cultural characteristics and unique geographical expression methods, enriches the natural scenery and humanistic imagery of the Three Gorges. This provides a valuable tool for interpreting and understanding the cultural resources of the Three Gorges and enhancing its value interpretation system. The Tang and Song dynasties saw a surge in the number, representativeness, and influence of poetry related to the Three Gorges. This article analyzes 440 Tang and Song poems about the Three Gorges, focusing on its geographic information and cultural landscapes. Using text mining technology, we extracted the most representative cultural landscapes in the area and visualized the types and distribution these cultural landscapes ArcGIS spatial analysis. Additionally, cluster analysis and spatial semantic analysis were conducted on poetry texts using ROST-CM6 to categorize different landscape themes. The cultural connotations and aesthetic characteristics of each theme were then analyzed by combining semantic networks with high-frequency words and characters. Our findings indicate that the Three Gorges cultural landscape during the Tang and Song dynasties was mainly composed of historical sites, temples, ancestral halls, and former residences of renowned figures. The landscape formed a string of beads along the river and primarily centered on Fengjie and Wushan. We identified six landscape themes on the semantic network, including the Xiajiang Grand View, the ancient capital of the White Emperor, the scenic spots of Xiling, and the clouds and rain of Wushan. The Three Gorges segment of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park followed the "One Belt, One Zone, Two Cores" spatial layout concept, with poetry culture as the soul, the poet's location as the pulse, and renowned mountains and scenic spots as the body. Historical scenes were reconstructed through logical and emotional methods, injecting the aesthetics, culture, and emotion of poetry and its historical background into the basic landscape.