Enhanced Factor IX Activity following Administration of AAV5-R338L 'Padua' Factor IX versus AAV5 WT Human Factor IX in NHPs

Gene therapy for severe hemophilia B is advancing and offers sustained disease amelioration with a single treatment. We have reported the efficacy and safety of AMT-060, an investigational gene therapy comprising an adeno-associated virus serotype 5 capsid encapsidating the codon-optimized wild-type human factor IX (WT hFIX) gene with a liver-specific promoter, in patients with severe hemophilia B. Treatment with 2 × 1013 gc/kg AMT-060 showed sustained and durable FIX activity of 3%–13% and a substantial reduction in spontaneous bleeds without T cell-mediated hepatoxicity. To achieve higher FIX activity, we modified AMT-060 to encode the R338L “Padua” FIX variant that has increased specific activity (AMT-061). We report the safety and increased FIX activity of AMT-061 in non-human primates. Animals (n = 3/group) received intravenous AMT-060 (5 × 1012 gc/kg), AMT-061 (ranging from 5 × 1011 to 9 × 1013 gc/kg), or vehicle. Human FIX protein expression, FIX activity, and coagulation markers including D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complexes were measured. At equal doses, AMT-060 and AMT-061 resulted in similar human FIX protein expression, but FIX activity was 6.5-fold enhanced using AMT-061. Both vectors show similar safety and transduction profiles. Thus, AMT-061 holds great promise as a more potent FIX replacement gene therapy with a favorable safety profile. Keywords: AAV, AAV5, AMT-060, AMT-061, adeno-associated virus, factor IX, gene therapy, hemophilia B, non-human primate