LRRK2 inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: current perspectives

Farzaneh Atashrazm,1 Nicolas Dzamko2 1Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick; 2School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia Abstract: Major advances in understanding how genetics underlies Parkinson’s disease (PD) have provided new opportunities for understanding disease pathogenesis and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention. One such target is leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), an enigmatic enzyme implicated in both familial and idiopathic PD risk. Both academia and industry have promoted the development of potent and selective inhibitors of LRRK2, and these are currently being employed to assess the safety and efficacy of such compounds in preclinical models of PD. This review examines the evidence that LRRK2 kinase activity contributes to the pathogenesis of PD and outlines recent progress on inhibitor development and early results from preclinical safety and efficacy testing. This review also looks at some of the challenges remaining for translation of LRRK2 inhibitors to the clinic, if indeed this is ultimately warranted. As a disease with no current cure that is increasing in prevalence in line with an aging population, there is much need for developing new treatments for PD, and targeting LRRK2 is currently a promising option. Keywords: synuclein, inflammation, lysosome, Rab, inhibitor, autophagy